If you travel without travel insurance, you run the risk of losing out if things go wrong. For example, if you’re uninsured and you lose your luggage, you may not be able to recover the cost of it. Also, if you suffer serious injury, you may end up paying for medical treatment.

However, if you are a UK resident you are entitled to free or reduced-cost, State-provided healthcare when visiting a European Union (EU) country as long as you have the necessary European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). In many other countries, outside the EU, healthcare can be very expensive. But you should remember that the EHIC is not a substitute for travel insurance, as it only covers you for when you are ill.

Most travel insurance plans will cover medical bills for £1m, and often more, as well as pay for an emergency air ambulance to bring you home for treatment in the UK. Travel insurance can also cover you against other mishaps while you're abroad, from theft to flight delays. Most policies have a standard excess charge which means you agree to pay the first part of any claim, for example the first £50 or £100. If you agree to pay a higher excess you might get a cheaper policy. But beware – some policies charge an excess per clause rather than one overall.

You could be offered travel insurance by the travel agent where you book your holiday, but you don't have to take their cover, so shop around and get the right cover for you. Find out whether your employer offers travel insurance as part of your benefits package.

Make sure you read the policy summary to see what is and isn’t covered by the policy – there are bound to be some areas excluded from cover. For example, some policies do not cover scheduled airline failures, civil unrest or terrorist attacks. If you have a policy which doesn’t cover these risks, you can take out separate insurance.

You won't usually be covered for medical conditions you already have, or may have to pay extra to get them covered. If you don’t disclose those medical conditions, any claims that you make may be rejected because you didn’t tell the insurance company about them. If relevant, you should also check whether your policy covers cancelling your holiday when a relative or friend falls ill, and whether you need to keep your insurance company informed about ill relatives/friends. Always ask if you're in doubt. Travelling against a doctor's advice may also invalidate your insurance cover.

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1. Read the paperwork and ask questions if you don't understand anything.
2. Make sure you check what you're covered or not covered for.
3. Tell the insurance company if you have any existing medical conditions.
4. Find out if your employer provides health insurance as part of your benefits package.
5. Don't be pressurised to take travel insurance from your travel agent – you don't have to, and other policies may be more suitable for you.